Stand-alone inverters: Used in independent systems, where the photovoltaic array charges the battery and the inverter uses the DC voltage of the battery as its energy source. Many independent inverters also integrate battery chargers, which can be charged with AC power. Generally, this type of inverter does not come into contact with the power grid, so it does not require islanding protection function.
Grid tie inverters: The output voltage of the inverter can be sent back to a commercial AC power supply, so the output sine wave needs to be the same as the phase, frequency, and voltage of the power supply. The grid connected inverter will have a safety design, and if not connected to the power supply, it will automatically turn off the output. If the power grid trips, the grid connected inverter has no backup power supply function.
Battery backup inverters are a special type of inverter that uses a battery as its power source and is paired with a battery charger to charge the battery. If there is too much power, it will be recharged to the AC power supply. This type of inverter can provide AC power to the specified load when the power grid trips, so it needs to have an island effect protection function.
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